Say the word “codes” and many lighting professionals quickly think of the
90.1 or IECC energy codes. But there are other codes that lighting designers
must also be familiar with, such as the NEC (National Electrical Code) or the
CEC (Canadian Electrical Code), or whatever electrical code is in force in the
region where the design is to be installed. And to complicate the situation,
lighting designers must have a working knowledge of the applicable safety
standards that prevail for the products they specify. Jerry Plank, CEO/founder
of Wilger Testing, takes a deeper dive into some of these product compliance
questions.
In the U.S., ANSI/UL safety standards are used to determine whether a product is
compliant or not, and eligible to bear an NRTL (Nationally Recognized Testing
Laboratory) “Listed” mark. Failure to adhere to the applicable electrical code
and safety standards will result in an unsuccessful project which will impact
your reputation and your bottom line because you will be forced to spend
valuable time trying to remove a violation (red flag) issued by an electrical
inspector.
To help designers understand how a product or project could get red-flagged or
derailed for non-compliance, Plank lists five key areas of concern:
1.Equipment selection. To be code-compliant, equipment selected must be listed
by an NRTL and mounted as tested. Many times we see surface products that are
semi-recessed in the field to reduce the exposure of the luminaire, which does
not reflect upon how the product was tested by the NRTL. All municipal
electrical inspectors have learned that when a luminaire listing, or its usage,
is questionable, they will go directly to the NRTL that listed the product to
ensure that what they are looking at was in fact tested and qualified. Make no
mistake, if the lighting fixture was modified to suit your project, the
modification needs to be qualified by the NRTL as an alternate construction or
installation method and you should insist on getting a copy of the NRTL report
to protect your interest.
2.Using newer technology. While it is not the intent of this article to
prevent new technologies from being used, it is extremely important to receive
objective evidence (i.e., a certification letter, or the like) from the
manufacturer that the product selected is in fact listed by an NRTL, and meets
with the intent of the NEC and the CEC. The revision cycle for each version of
those two codes is three years, which means it’s possible that the new
technology is not included in the prevailing version of the code. When a new
technology is not addressed by the NEC or CEC, the decision whether to accept it
or not is up to the municipal electrical inspectors and they are often reluctant
to accept a new technology without a field inspection by a qualified NRTL. Field
inspections by an NRTL to verify that the combination of the product and
installation are compliant are costly and add significant delays to any project.
The preferable path with a specified product is to ensure that the listing is up
to date and addresses the new technology.
3.Equipment installation and wiring. The next item to address for potential
red flags is the installation and wiring of lighting equipment in the field. On
the surface it would seem logical that it’s the responsibility of the electrical
contractor to follow local codes and practices to ensure that the installation
is compliant and safe from reasonable risks. Potential problems occur whenever
the product selected is not capable of mounting in a certain way to accommodate
the project and requires a modification to accept conduit or the like, or
special wiring is needed to facilitate the installation. Keep in mind that any
modification of the NRTL-listed product for mounting and/or wiring requires a
field inspection by an NRTL.
4.Controls. Any use of controls must be addressed to prevent red flags.
Simply put, controls must be listed by an NRTL and suitable for the product to
which they are connected. Get copies of the relevant NRTL reports which will
contain restrictions, if any, and how the wiring should be installed. While at
times it seems expeditious to mix low-voltage and line-voltage in the same
enclosure, know in advance what is allowed and what isn’t. Don’t leave the
wiring decision up to the electrical contractor or assume that the claims made
by the controls manufacturer are point of fact; investigate how the wiring shall
be connected. An installation of low-voltage controls came under question
recently by a municipal electrical inspector where line and low voltage were
mixed in the wall junction electrical box. It took almost two weeks of
investigation to determine that the wiring connected to the low-voltage circuit
was acceptable as the rating was 300 volts; however, the project was red-flagged
and stalled without cause.
5.Electrical codes and practices by region. Don’t assume which version of the
NEC or CEC codes has been adopted in the region where the project will be
installed. Every municipality has the right to adopt the current edition of the
NEC or CEC, a previous edition of the NEC or CEC, create their own electrical
code, or adopt a nationally published code with regional variances. Too many
projects get rejected because the NRTL listing applied to an ANSI/UL safety
standard which did not address local practices. Always verify what electrical
code has been adopted in the region where the project is installed and what
local variances, if any, should be addressed.
Energy-saving CFLs have been in the marketplace for many years but a broad range of dimmable bulbs has only recently become available. LEDs are even newer to the market and dimmable versions are also only recently available. 
You may have noticed that your wall-mounted dimmer is equipped with an adjustment dial. Because performance is so varied from bulb to bulb or manufacturer to manufacturer, the adjustment dial will help you set the bottom of the dimming range for your particular bulbs. 
